Sewage Sludge and Sludge Producs for Agricultural Use - a Study on Hygienic Quality (LIVAKE-2001-2002)

Vuorinen, Arja (editor); Co-editors: Pitkälä, Anna; Siitonen, Anja; Hänninen, Marja-Liisa; von Bonsdorff, Carl Henrik; Ali-Vehmas, Terhi; Laakso, Tuula; Johansson, Tuula; Eklund, Marjut; Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska; Maunula, Leena (2003-04-18)
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Lataukset: 

Vuorinen, Arja (editor)
Co-editors: Pitkälä, Anna
Siitonen, Anja
Hänninen, Marja-Liisa
von Bonsdorff, Carl Henrik
Ali-Vehmas, Terhi
Laakso, Tuula
Johansson, Tuula
Eklund, Marjut
Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska
Maunula, Leena
maa- ja metsätalousministeriö
18.04.2003
Julkaisusarja:
Publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest 2/2003
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http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:952-453-113-5
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The total contents of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens and sulphite reducing clostridia, as well as the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium, astroviruses, caliciviruses, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, were analysed in raw sewage sludge samples taken at 22 sewage water treatment plants, in peat-sludge mixtures, in stabilised (using quicklime, anaerobic mesophilic digestion or in-vessel composting) sludge, and in sludge composts of different ages.

Raw sewage sludge, poorly treated lime-stabilised sludge, digested sludge and sludge-peat mixtures contain a wide variety of potential human and animal pathogens, and thus their use in agriculture is not recommended. It is also recommended that digested sludge and sludge sanitated in in-vessel composting plants should be further composted or cured in open-air windrows or mattresses, with adequate turnings, for at least six months.