Sewage Sludge and Sludge Producs for Agricultural Use - a Study on Hygienic Quality (LIVAKE-2001-2002)
Vuorinen, Arja (editor); Co-editors: Pitkälä, Anna; Siitonen, Anja; Hänninen, Marja-Liisa; von Bonsdorff, Carl Henrik; Ali-Vehmas, Terhi; Laakso, Tuula; Johansson, Tuula; Eklund, Marjut; Rimhanen-Finne, Ruska; Maunula, Leena (2003-04-18)
maa- ja metsätalousministeriö
18.04.2003
Julkaisusarja:
Publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest 2/2003
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:952-453-113-5
http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:952-453-113-5
Tiivistelmä
The total contents of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens and sulphite reducing clostridia, as well as the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium, astroviruses, caliciviruses, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, were analysed in raw sewage sludge samples taken at 22 sewage water treatment plants, in peat-sludge mixtures, in stabilised (using quicklime, anaerobic mesophilic digestion or in-vessel composting) sludge, and in sludge composts of different ages.
Raw sewage sludge, poorly treated lime-stabilised sludge, digested sludge and sludge-peat mixtures contain a wide variety of potential human and animal pathogens, and thus their use in agriculture is not recommended. It is also recommended that digested sludge and sludge sanitated in in-vessel composting plants should be further composted or cured in open-air windrows or mattresses, with adequate turnings, for at least six months.
Raw sewage sludge, poorly treated lime-stabilised sludge, digested sludge and sludge-peat mixtures contain a wide variety of potential human and animal pathogens, and thus their use in agriculture is not recommended. It is also recommended that digested sludge and sludge sanitated in in-vessel composting plants should be further composted or cured in open-air windrows or mattresses, with adequate turnings, for at least six months.