Haku

The Arctic region is rapidly transforming from a peripheral region to a global theatre with an increasing number of non-Arctic stakeholders. One illustration of this transformation process is the growing presence of China ...

One of the most notable consequences of the end of the Cold War was the diminished role of nuclear weapons in international relations. The world’s primary nuclear weapon powers, the United States and the Russian Federation, ...

Economic policies of the European Union (EU) are based on promoting open and predictable international trade. EU Free Trade Agreements (FTA) is an important tool for achieving this objective. In this study, we analyse the ...

The project Costs and Risk Assessment of the Health Effects of the Food System employed biological, chemical and nutritional examples to investigate the health and economic risks of food and nutrition in Finland and the ...

The CO2 emission allowances price level in EU ETS has fluctuated since the implementation of the scheme. The allowance price level influences short-term fuel switch decisions and profitability of investments and due to ...

This report summarises implications of the current operational environment for the international human rights system since the Government of Finland human rights report in 2014. The project focused particularly on four ...

The PATH2030 project has produced an evaluation of Finland's sustainable development policy and formulated concrete recommendations for the future. The evaluation is based on multidisciplinary methods and broad and diverse ...

This report explores the implementation of various R&D subsidies and other environmental policy instruments among the OECD countries from 1990-2015 and the relations of these policies to green innovation aimed at reducing ...

Finland’s 2011 energy tax reform increased excise taxes on energy. The tax increase raised concerns about competitiveness of the manufacturing sector, and in the beginning of 2012 a pre-existing tax exemption to manufacturing ...