1 Policies to promote internationalisation in Finnish higher education and research 2017–2025 2 genuinely international higher education communities – Success is built on quality – 1. GREATER INTERNATIONAL ATTRACTION THROUGH FOCUSING ON THE LATEST SCIENCE AND LEADING EDGE RESEARCH Better together for a better world 2. FINLAND IS THE HOME OF HIGH-QUALITY EDUCATION 3. Momentum for Sharing Finnish Knowledge, Expertise and Educational Innovations4. A WARM WELCOME TO FINLAND 5. THE FINNISH MESSAGE IS HEARD INTERNATIONALLY 6. Team Finland Knowledge network 7. GREATER INVOLVEMENT OF FINNISH EXPERTS LIVING ABROAD AND ALUMNI EDUCATED IN FINLAND k an n en k u va t • g ir l: L au r i R o tk o /V is it F in la n d • b u il d in g :T u o m as U u sh ei m o /UNIVERSIT Y O F HELSINKI 3 The greatest challenges globally can only be resolved by working together. This is why Finland wishes to be an active participant in the global community, sharing in the responsibili- ties, offering expertise and helping solve problems. As a country, we are known for taking a responsible approach in our policies and for good achievements in education. We are also active participants in Nordic, European and worldwide networks, helping create shared knowledge and expertise. Culturally, Finland is open and international and attracts interest around the world, but deepening our international connections still further is vital for us. We Finns must be prepared to educate and train others from all parts of the globe and to create first-class expertise. We must strengthen and keep on strengthening those areas of research that we know are ready to become leading edge fields globally. As well as their principle concern with learning and knowledge, education and research are also linked to well- being, the economy and competitiveness. We live in a world where cross-border competition for jobs, expertise, investments and companies is strong. For this reason, in Finland, too, we need to focus on building our competence. Students graduating from Finnish higher education institu- tions should have the ability and willingness to be involved in international, multicultural environments and understand diver- sity, global challenges and the principles of a sustainable society. Mobility and international perspectives should be incorporated as natural elements of students’ studies and the work of staff. Through legislative reforms, we have created conditions for more flexibility by reducing regulation and allowing experimen- tation. This will help to boost international engagement, among other things. Reforms in higher education have brought freedom of action to universities and universities of applied sciences, and legislative provisions against education exports have been dismantled. The keys to success are in our own hands. It is us who decide how ambitious we wish to be. These policies to promote internationalisation are an excellent tool for ensuring that we can continue to build the world’s best education and research environments here in Finland. Sanni Grahn-Laasonen Minister of Education 4 v e i k k o k a h k o n e n / a a lt o u n i v e r s i t y 5 will be an open and international country, linguistically and culturally rich. In short: a good country. Our positive attitude towards each other and the world around us will make Finland unique. There will be greater global awareness of Finland as a major pioneer in higher education and research Finland’s strengths will include its readiness to reform and experiment and its efficient utilisation of research and competence. It will be easy to come to Finland to study and work. Finland will have quality higher education and research environments that are globally inspiring. It will offer solutions to shared challenges in the world on the basis of expertise, research and business collaboration. Finland will have a strong and responsible position in global cooperation networks and value chains concerning knowledge production and competence, and it will be an attractive invest- ment location for knowledge-intensive activity. The quality of Finland’s higher education and research will derive from the country’s genuinely international higher edu- cation community which is always ready to reform and adapt. International interaction and mobility to and from Finland will foster diversity in education and research. To ensure that this really takes place, each higher education institution will have a clear set of aims and supporting measures for internationalisa- tion. International activities will permeate each higher educa- tion institution. In addition, Finland’s higher education institu- tions will expand their international mobility arrangements and ensure that such periods at home and abroad (incl. exchange programmes) are planned and realistic and can therefore be incorporated in students’ studies and in the work of staff. s h u t t e r s t o c k J u h o K u v a / V i s i t F i n l a n d A i n o H u o v i o / a a lt o u n i v e r s i t y 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 30.000 10.000 0 20.000 foreign degree students and international mobility 2004–2017 25.000 15.000 5.000 INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY TO AND FROM FINLAND FOREIGN DEGREE STUDENTS in finnis h h igher educational institutions 6 We have launched a flagship programme to highlight lead- ing areas in Finnish research and to increase international interest. The flagship pro- gramme will strengthen lead- ing areas in Finnish science, and together with the innova- tion networks it will support the effectiveness of research that underpins social and eco- nomic advancement. The programme renews structures and operating methods and bring together some of the best experts and operators in terms of their scientific standing and their desire to be at the forefront internationally. The flagship programme will profile Finnish universities, at both national and international level. The flagship programme creates new kinds of robust, long-term development plat- forms that are world class. These platforms will produce solutions that are based on a high level of competence via seamless cooperation between higher education institutions, research insti- tutes and companies. The programme selects research Goal 1 GREATER INTERNATIONAL ATTRACTION THROUGH FOCUSING ON THE LATEST SCIENCE AND LEADING EDGE RESEARCH sh u tt er st o c k Vi si t Fi n la n d 7 Action: We will highlight and strengthen the best in Finnish science. We will support the economic and social effectiveness of research. We have launched a flagship programme to increase international interest in Finnish research. themes that are of the highest standard and most effective nationally, as well as research groups that have the best scientific merits. The effec- tiveness of the research groups in supporting social and economic growth will be shaped into an essential part of their work using the development platforms and via separate financing. Top researchers and research environments are essential for gaining access to global networks, generating inter- national interest and forming innovation hubs that attract talented experts, companies and investments. Top-level competence is also needed to support the emergence of innovative and successful new businesses in Finland. In addi- tion to higher education insti- tutions and the platforms and networks formed by them, companies, research institutes, public funding bodies, cities and regional actors also have an important role in creating attractive environments for research, work and innovation, and in building an intellectual environment that is stimulat- ing and richly networked. Focusing on the latest science and leading edge research An tt i P ie ti k äi n en /V is it F in la n d 8 Finnish higher education must offer something that is of interest internationally and is distinguishable from what is offered elsewhere. The strong learning outcomes (PISA, PIAAC and OECD Best Performing Higher Education Graduates) of Finnish pupils, students and the adult popu- lation and the high standard of Finland’s teacher education, which is well-known globally, provide ample evidence of the quality of Finnish higher education. In addition to qual- ity, the reputation of Finnish higher education owes much to the strong link between, on the one hand, education and research and development and, on the other, working life. In higher education and research, Finland already has high-quality and globally inspiring environments, and these have strong connections with working life. Extensive cooperation between higher education institutions, com- panies and other sectors, and the clear division of interests between them,is a strength same goal of the Finnish re- search and innovation system and as a factor that distin- guishes Finnish higher educa- tion from that of many other countries. Finland provides a favourable environment for start-ups, where for instance student initiatives have led to business activity being incor- porated into the higher educa- tion community. International collabo- ration will further strengthen the quality of Finnish higher Goal 2 Finland is the home of high-quality education Tu o m as U u sh ei m o UNIVERSIT Y O F HELSINKI Es si Ryy m in /h am k 9 Action: We will strengthen the quality and pioneering role of Finnish higher education in learning environments for research, development and innovation activities and in development work centred on working life, as part of internationally attractive knowledge ecosystems. education. To bolster the repu- tation of Finland’s higher edu- cation we will introduce meas- ures to support the pioneering nature of learning environ- ments, methods and open innovation in Finnish higher education. Action under this goal has already been initi- ated using key project fund- ing allocated by the Finnish Government. The funding is to be used to support, among other things, the development of learning environments, a more student-oriented focus and new forms of cooperation between companies, work- ing life and higher education institutions. We aim to incorporate the stakeholder cooperation of higher education institu- tions as part of international research, development and innovation cooperation and, with selected universities and universities of applied scienc- es, we will develop concepts for the improvement of learn- ing environments. We also aim to strengthen innovation platforms and competence centres where development projects based on working life are linked to the contents of programmes selected by higher education institutions as key elements of interna- tionalisation. The Global Education Brand Finland study examines Finnish strengths and the possibilities for turning these into products and marketing them, and the requirements for further building the education brand. la u r i r o tk o /V is it F in la n d Enhancing the quality of Finnish higher education 10 Globally, education exports and expert services are one of the most rapidly growing export sectors. The competi- tion is fierce, especially among the degree programmes of higher education institutions. Even though Finnish higher education institutions will, in the future, have stronger indi- vidual profiles, it will be pos- sible to support the work of these institutions through joint marketing actions. This means marketing services digitally and worldwide, in close coop- eration with the Team Finland network. There is a clear need for joint market surveys. We will establish a com- pany to accelerate invest- ments and the pace of prod- uct development in Finnish education exports, and to encourage internationalisation among operators in the sec- tor. The company will function as an investor and partner in large or otherwise interesting export projects which find it difficult to obtain capital fi- nancing. With the new compa- ny in place, risk sharing will be possible in education exports and development projects. The company could also invest Goal 3 Build momentum for sharing Finnish Knowledge, Expertise and Educational innovations sh u tt er st o c k sh u tt er st o c k ta m k ed u 11 Action: We will enhance the visibility of Finnish higher education and education services through the use of joint marketing. We will create a new business-based operating model to attract private investment for education export projects and for product development in the sector. This will enhance the visibility of and demand for Finnish higher education and education services globally. in the development of innova- tive educational products. The role of the Govern- ment will be central at the starting phase of the new company. Besides individual investors, the parties whose involvement is being sought at the early stage include higher education institutions, regions and others interested in edu- cation export growth. In addition to offering service modules related to exports of competence, the company will also be able to offer its servic- es in support of internation- alisation within Finnish higher education and in society at large. The service modules to be jointly developed will include service packages con- cerning immigration (see Goal 4) and joint services related to teaching of Finland’s official national languages. Quality assurance for export products in education and competence will consist of processes that are interna- tionally identifiable and linked to the strengths of the Finnish education system. Vi si t Fi n la n d Creating a new business-based operating model 12 In the regions and on a na- tional scale we will improve cooperation between the vari- ous parties involved to make sure the processes connected with studying and working are more convenient, so that arriving in Finland is easy and inviting. Through coopera- tion at national level, we will make sure that permits and practices concerning the im- migration (incl. return migra- tion) and residence of people with skills that are in demand are less onerous to deal with. In the cross-sectoral network ‘Growth through attracting international talent’, prepara- tions will be made to boost regional cooperation and clarify respective responsibili- ties. A focus on improving the attractiveness of cities that are home to higher educa- tion institutions will support not only the aim of advancing internationalisation in higher education institutions but also regional business activity. Finland is already an attractive destination for students and researchers who value a high quality research environment and a society that functions well and is safe. Encouraging foreign basic degree students in Finland to continue their studies to doctoral level and use their talents in Finnish working life will require active measures Goal 4 a warm welcome to Finland J u ss i H el ls té n /V is it F in la n d ai n o h u o vi /a al to u n iv er si ty La u r i R o tk o /V is it F in la n d 13 and attitude changes at all levels in higher education, public administration and business. The option of settling down in Finland will be deemed attractive if the envi- ronment is culturally diverse and if the mobility and resi- dence services for students and researchers are unri- valled. These circumstances can be created by combin- ing and promoting the best practices of all the relevant parties. It is essential to improve the permit processes and the different services for new arrivals in Finland, and to streamline the handling of matters between various ministries and agencies and in higher education, and in co- operation with other parties involved. These cooperating parties may be found among companies, in the public sec- tor and the third sector. They could provide employment, help talented individuals to integrate, and encourage whole families to stay in Finland. The possibilities for smoother residence permit processes and visa practices and for introducing tax con- cessions and other incentives will be examined in coopera- tion with various ministries and agencies. Action: To facilitate arrival in Finland, we will simplify the processes connected with studying and working. We will issue a service promise: in Finland, services will also be available in English. Issuing a service promise 14 Goal 5 THE FINNISH MESSAGE IS HEARD INTERNATIONALLY We have established a higher education and research forum for promoting international engagement, and this forum has been given the task of re-orientating, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of internationalisation policies in higher education and research. The aim is that in 2020 Finland will have a pool of experts versed in presenting Finland’s views in the interna- tional arena and they will formulate the message of Finnish higher education and research and ensure that the agreed policies are carried through at all levels. The forum will add weight to Finland’s higher education and science policy messages in bilateral and multilateral sh u tt er st o c k El in a Si r pa r an ta /V is it F in la n d 15 Action: We will initiate a broad national debate on promoting internationalisation in Finnish higher education and research. international activities and will ease the flow of information among higher education institutions, research institutes, research funding providers, ministries and other parties involved. A further task of the forum will be to ensure that the added value of the activities to be jointly carried out arises from shared knowledge and the common benefit that this brings. The forum will strengthen the role of Finns as opinion-formers and as solvers of global challenges and problems common to all. It will also ensure that international activities in higher education and research advance national policies and action plans. Vi si t Fi n la n d Initiating debate at national level 16 We will put in place a Team Finland Knowledge network by establishing support stations for higher education and research that will supplement and strengthen the Team Finland network in order to expand research visibility and business cooperation in selected countries. The network will strengthen cooperation between the Finnish parties concerned and the higher education, research and innovation participants in the selected regions/countries. This cooperation will take the form of joint projects, collaboration in research and education, and publications, and will enhance Finnish competitiveness. Finland will be visible, will communicate and will engage in marketing, while also bringing together its own competence for the benefit of the world at large and to support the continued development of Finnish society. The job of the network will also be to create easier access to new knowledge for higher education institutions, research institutes, individual researchers and other par- ties and to facilitate contacts among them. This will be done by strengthening the existing networks and in- creasing cooperation between Goal 6 Team Finland Knowledge Network sh u tt er st o c k sh u tt er st o c k 17 Action: Setting up a Team Finland Knowledge network to represent Finnish higher education and research in selected countries. Finland and the selected partner countries in educa- tion, research and innovation, for example with the help of EU programmes and other activities. Another task of the network will be to enhance the competence potential of Finland and each partner country both jointly and indi- vidually and to create benefits for both sides. This will enable more active involvement by the Finnish participants, and an enhanced role for them, which will also apply in dia- logue between the EU and third countries and regions. The network will build Fin- land’s reputation as a country with high-quality education and science and as a member of international, innovative centres of competence, thus boosting Finland’s position in, for example, the innova- tion and business activities of higher education institutions. The network will also be tasked with strengthening and increasing cooperation in higher education, research and innovation with the United States, China, India, Japan, countries of sout- heast Asia (e.g. Singapore, Indonesia, Malesia, Vietnam), southern/western Africa, Brazil and other Latin Ameri- can countries, and Russia. sh u tt er st o c k Setting up knowledge networks 18 We will establish a network in cooperation with various par- ties to draw together Finnish expats with higher education degrees and alumni educated in Finland who are residing in other parts of the world. It is of prime importance to gain their involvement in the pro- motion of internationalisation in Finnish higher education and research. We will create and main- tain contacts with Finns around the world and with alumni who have studied in Finland, and we will keep in touch with the relevant Finn- ish bodies involved, for exam- ple by means of a newsletter from the Ministry of Educa- tion and Culture and through social media. Networking will help alumni and those returning to Finland in their decisions about moving here, by facilitating the creation of contacts and communication with the authorities. Return to Finland must be made easy Goal 7 GREATER INVOLVEMENT OF FINNISH EXPERTS LIVING ABROAD AND ALUMNI EDUCATED IN FINLAND sh u tt er st o c k sh u tt er st o c k 19 in terms of the paperwork and procedures involved, and from the viewpoint of study and work it should be interesting and socially re- freshing. The network cre- ated will encourage improved cooperation between differ- ent administrative branches, highlighting legislative provi- sions that can impede return migration and pointing out shortcomings in administra- tive practices. In such cases, the network will make pro- posals addressing the defi- ciencies, in collaboration with the Finland Society and other parties involved. The network will also enhance the inter- national character of Finnish higher education and research through publications, projects and joint programmes and will make use of the networks and contacts created, also in cooperation with companies. Action: We will invite Finnish expats with higher education degrees and alumni educated in Finland to our networks. K im Ö st m an /V is it F in la n d Calling expats and alumni 2020 the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture is re- sponsible for the planning and implementation of higher education and science policy, and it prepares statutes, national budget proposals and Government decisions that apply to these policy areas. The Ministry also guides the operation of the higher education and science systems and supports the operating capacity of research organisations. The Finnish higher education system consists of universities and universities of applied sciences. A total of 23 univer- sities of applied sciences and 14 universities operate within the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture’s admin- istrative sector. In addition, 12 research institutes, two higher education institutions, the National Defence Univer- sity and the Police University College operate under other ministries. Högskolan på Åland UAS operates in Åland. The Finnish National Agency for Education is responsi- ble for the development of education, early childhood education and life-long learn- ing, and for the promotion of internationality. The Academy of Finland finances high- quality scientific research, acts as an expert on science and science policy and strengthens the position of science and research. el in a si r pa r an ta /V is it F in la n d UAS 10% university hospitals 4% RDI funding by sector in 2016 RDI funding by discipline in 2016 companies 66% higher education 9% public sector & non profit 25% natural sciences 29% human- ities 8% agriculture & forestry 2% engi- neering 18% medicine & health care 20% social sciences 23% RDI funding by higher education sector in 2016 universities 86% 21 universities Aalto University www.aalto.fi/en University of Helsinki www.helsinki.fi/en University of Eastern Finland www.uef.fi/en University of Jyväskylä www.jyu.fi/en University of Lapland www.ulapland.fi/EN Lappeenranta University of Technology www.lut.fi/web/en University of Oulu www.oulu.fi/university HANKEN SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS www.hanken.fi/en University of the Arts www.uniarts.fi/en Tampere University of Technology www.tut.fi/en University of Tampere www.uta.fi/en University of Turku www.utu.fi/en University of Vaasa www.uva.fi/en Åbo Akademi University www.abo.fi/?lang=en National Defence University http://maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu.fi/en State research institutes Finnish Food Safety Authority – Evira www.evira.fi/en Geological Survey of Finland – GTK http://en.gtk.fi Finnish Meteorological Institute – FMI http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/home Natural Resources Institute Finland – LUKE www.luke.fi/en National Land Survey of Finland – NLS www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/en Finnish Environment Institute – SYKE www.syke.fi/en-US Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority – STUK www.stuk.fi/web/en Technical Research Centre of Finland – VTT www.vttresearch.com National Institute for Health and Welfare – THL www.thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – FIOH www.ttl.fi/en Finnish Institute of International Affairs – FIIA www.fiia.fi/en Institute for Economic Research – VATT http://vatt.fi/en/frontpage universities of applied sciences (UAS) UAS Arcada www.arcada.fi/en Centria UAS https://web.centria.fi Diaconia UAS www.diak.fi/en Haaga-Helia UAS www.haaga-helia.fi/en Humak UAS www.humak.fi/en Häme UAS www.hamk.fi/english JAMK UAS www.jamk.fi/en South-Eastern Finland UAS – Xamk www.xamk.fi/en KAMK UAS www.kamk.fi/en Karelia UAS www.karelia.fi/en Lahti UAS www.lamk.fi/english Lapland UAS www.lapinamk.fi/en Laurea UAS www.laurea.fi/en Metropolia UAS www.metropolia.fi/en Oulu UAS www.oamk.fi/en Saimaa UAS www.saimia.fi/en-fi Satakunta UAS www.samk.fi/en Savonia UAS http://portal.savonia.fi/amk/en Seinäjoki UAS www.seamk.fi/en Tampere UAS www.tamk.fi/web/tamken/home Turku UAS www.tuas.fi/en Vaasa UAS www.puv.fi/en Novia UAS www.novia.fi/novia-uas Police University College www.polamk.fi/en Åland UAS www.ha.ax/text.con?iPage=28&iLan=1 national actors in higher education and science Academy of Finland www.aka.fi/en CSC – IT Center for Science www.csc.fi/home Finnish Education Evaluation Centre https://karvi.fi/en Finnish National Agency for Education www.oph.fi/english research and innovation council http://valtioneuvosto.fi/tin 21 *the Shanghai ranking 2017 1 Sweden | 1.12 2 Finland | 0.91 3 D enmark | 0.88 4 Es ton ia | 0.76 5 N etherlands | 0.71 6 I reland | 0.63 7 Belg ium | 0.62 8 U n ited Kingdom | 0.58 9 Sloven ia | 0.48 10 Portugal | 0.48 1 Luxembourg | 1.74 2 Ireland | 1.48 3 Finland | 1.28 4 D enmark | 1.23 5 Sweden | 1.12 6 U n ited Kingdom | 0.90 7 A ustria | 0.81 8 N etherlands | 0.77 9 Es ton ia | 0.76 10 Belg ium | 0.71 *the Times Higher Education world university ranking 2018 *World top 500 university rankings per million population dG Research and Innovation, Shanghai AND TIMES HE RANKINGS arctic circle maarianhamina kajaan i kuopioseinäjoki rovan iemi pori vaasa lappeenranta helsinki m ikkeli lahti joensuu turku kokkola oulu hämeenlinna tampere jyväskylä 22 believes in equality, democracy and taking good care of each other. Good education is the cornerstone of our society. These are the reasons why we are among the top countries in different rankings from clean air to quality of life. education & knowledge Finland has one of the best education systems in the world. All Finns have equal opportunities to learn and study. Thanks to our world-class education system, we are willing and able to find solutions to both local and global challenges. nordic nature Finland is the greenest country in the world. We have fresh air, pure water, green forests, clean energy and clean technology. Our Nordic nature inspires us to find creative and sustainable solutions. solutions-oriented Finland is the most functional country in the world. We look for practical solutions and deliver innovations to industry and the business world, and to improve people’s everyday lives. trustworthy The Finnish handshake is the most reliable in the world. 22 second best in Higher Education performance WEF 2017-2018 1 S ingapore | 6.27 2 Finland | 6.18 3 U n ited States | 6.12 4 N etherlands | 6.09 5 S witzerland | 6.07 6 D enmark | 5.97 7 N ew Zealand | 5.97 8 N orway | 5.88 9 A ustralia | 5.88 10 I reland | 5.85 best education in the OECD OECD 2017 1 Finland | 8.7 2 A ustralia | 8.5 3 D enmark | 7.8 4 G ermany | 7.5 5 S loven ia | 7.5 6 Japan | 7.5 7 S weden | 7.5 8 Poland | 7.4 9 I reland | 7.4 10 South Korea | 7.3 Best in Health and Primary Education WEF 2017-2018 1 Finland | 6.9 2 S witzerland | 6.8 3 S ingapore | 6.8 4 N etherlands | 6.7 5 B elg ium | 6.6 6 N ew Zealand | 6.6 7 Japan | 6.6 8 C anada | 6.6 9 N orway | 6.6 10 I celand | 6.6 23 Second best in Human capital WEF 2017 1. N orway | 77.12 2. Finland | 77.07 3. S witzerland | 76.48 4. U n ited States | 74.84 5. D enmark | 74.40 6. G ermany | 74.30 7. N ew Zealand | 74.14 8. S weden | 73.93 9. S loven ia | 73.33 10. Austria | 73.29 innovation oriented country WEF 2017-2018 1 S witzerland | 5.8 2 U n ited States | 5.8 3 I srael | 5.8 4 Finland | 5.7 5 G ermany | 5.6 6 N etherlands | 5.6 7 S weden | 5.5 8 Japan | 5.4 9 S ingapore | 5.3 10 Denmark | 5.1 Happiest country in the world Ranking of Happiness 2015–2017 1 Finland | 7.632 2 N orway | 7.594 3 D enmark | 7.555 4 I celand | 7.495 5 S witzerland | 7.487 6 N etherlands | 7.441 7 C anada | 7.328 8 N ew Zealand | 7.324 9 S weden | 7.314 10 Australia | 7.272 Second best in Social Progress Social Progress Index 2017 1 D enmark | 90.57 2 Finland | 90.53 3 I celand | 90.27 3 N orway | 90.27 5 S witzerland | 90.10 6 C anada | 89.84 7 N etherlands | 89.82 8 S weden | 89.66 9 A ustralia | 89.30 10 New Zealand | 89.30 The least Fragile State Fund for Peace 2018 1 Finland | 17.9 2 N orway | 18.3 3 S witzerland | 19.2 4 D enmark | 19.8 5 I celand | 20.3 6 I reland | 20.7 7 L uxemburg | 20.8 8 A ustralia | 20.8 9 S weden | 20.8 10 New Zealand | 20.9 best air quality in the world WHO 2018 1 Finland | 6.05 2 E ston ia | 6.63 3 S weden | 6.78 4 C anada | 6.92 5 N orway | 7.33 6 I sland | 7.62 7 U ruguay | 8.00 8 USA | 8.05 9 Fij i | 8.10 10 Portugal | 8.69 Safest nation to travel in the world WEF 2017 1 Finland | 6.7 2 UAE | 6.6 3 I celand | 6.6 4 O man | 6.5 5 H ong Kong | 6.5 6 S ingapore | 6.5 7 N orway | 6.4 8 S witzerland | 6.4 9 R wanda | 6.4 10 Qatar | 6.3 Most Political and Civil Freedom Freedom House 2018 1 Finland | 100 2 N orway | 100 3 S weden | 100 4 N etherlands | 99 5 C anada | 98 6 U ruguay | 98 7 N ew Zealand | 98 8 L uxemburg | 98 9 A ustralia | 98 10 San Marino | 97 J u h o K u va /V is it F in la n d • J o r m a Lu h ta /L eu k u /V is it F in la n d one of the most equal countries wef 2017 1 I celand | 0.878 2 N orway | 0.830 3 Finland | 0.823 4 rwanda | 0.822 5 sweden | 0.816 6 n icaragua | 0.814 7 sloven ia | 0.805 8 ireland | 0.794 9 new zealand | 0.791 10 ph ilippines | 0.790 24 H ar r i Ta r va in en /R u k a Sa u n at o u r /V is it F in la n d Tu o m as U u sh ei m o /UNIVERSIT Y O F HELSINKI M in istry of Education, Science and Culture www.minedu.fi National Agency for Education www.oph.fi Academy of Finland www.aka.fi ISBN :9 78 -9 52 -2 63 -5 79 -2 | d es ig n : ah o y