M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 1 Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö Ministry of Education and Culture In 2010 the expenditure of the Ministry of Education and Culture totalled 6,374.4 million euro Higher education and research 2,754.5 Student financial aid 881 General education 841.9 Vocational education and training 674.6 Adult education 498.3 Art and Culture 400.6 Administration, church affairs and core outlays 116.5 Sports sector 137.7 Youth work 69.3 COMPETENT AND CREATIVE FINLAND M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 3 The promotion of knowledge, creativity and participa- tion plays a key role in measures to safeguard Finland’s welfare and success. The majority of the education and cultural policy projects of the government term 2007- 2011 have been realised and many development meas- ures have been carried out. Certain extensive structur- al reforms were turned into practice when the reformed university system and the new regional governance were adopted at the beginning of 2010. PISA 2009 showed that young Finns’ learning outcomes in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy were still among the best in the OECD. Means of accelerating graduation in higher education were explored in various development projects relating to guidance, admissions and student financial aid. Favourable conditions were created for cultural policy development. The financing of arts and culture kept growing throughout the electoral period, which reflects the growing societal and economic significance of culture. Youth work appropriations grew. Multiprofessional cooperation and outreach youth work yielded results in preventing exclusion. Increases in sports appropriations made it possible to promote recreational sports and create favourable conditions for physical activity. At the beginning of May 2010 the Ministry’s name was changed to Ministry of Education and Culture. The Min- istry’s work is informed by the need to promote welfare and competiveness, make use of the potential in the in- formation society development, consider the impact of demographic changes in the provision of services, en- hance inclusion and participation, and prevent exclusion. May 2011 Henna Virkkunen, Minister of Education and Science Stefan Wallin, Minister of Culture and Sport Harri Skog, Secretary General COMPETENT AND CREATIVE FINLAND In 2010 the total number of persons in education within the remit of the educational administration was 1,200,000 Pre-primary education 58,767 Basic education 530,678 General upper secondary education 107,400 Initial training 164,390 Further training 55,981 Polytechnic degrees 118,015 University degrees 144,321 Doctorates 1,518 Polytechnic Master’s degree 6,580 EDUCATION SCIENCE M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 5 The quality of basic education was enhanced. Vocational education and training was further increased. The universities started to work under the new Universities Act. Various reforms increased participation in adult education and training. Smaller teaching groups In 2010 an appropriation of 30 million euro was allocated to reduce the size of teaching groups. The number of large learner groups has been decreasing since 2008. On the whole, the relative number of groups of under 20 pupils grew and that of larger groups decreased. According to a study, the average size of teaching groups has decreased in all yearclasses to some extent. In the spring of 2010, the average size in yearclasses 1–6 was 19.2 pupils, compared to 19.6 in 2008. The decrease was largest in yearclasses 4–6. At the lower secondary level, in yearclasses 7–9, there has been some decrease in the group sizes. In 2010 the average size was 17.1 and in 2008 17.3. Curb on bullying The frequency of bullying or falling victim of bullying at school has almost been halved thanks to the KiVa koulu (Cool school) project. This programme, geared to enhance safety at school, has increased school satisfaction and motivation and diminished depression and anxiety. In yearclasses 4-6 physical bullying has been reduced by 53% and internet bullying by half. Bullying incidences are tackled by the schools’ own teams in so-called enquiry discussions; 98% of the participating pupils felt that the discussions had helped them. Over 80% of all comprehensive schools take part in the KiVa koulu programme. Uniform quality criteria The purpose of uniform quality criteria is to ensure a supply of high quality education and to safeguard educational and cultural rights for all children and young people, irrespective of their place of residence, language and economic standing. In 2010 the Ministry of Education and Culture granted special government subsidy to the tune of 3.3 million euro to support education providers in adopting the basic education quality criteria. This sum was allocated on application to 128 providers. Finland still among the top OECD countries in PISA results The PISA 2009 results were published in December 2010. Young Finns came third in reading after Shanghai-China and Korea. The result was not as good as earlier, but still the second best in the OECD. In mathematics, Finland was the second best OECD country and sixth among all the participating countries. On the science scale young Finns came second after Shanghai. Accessibility of basic education The regional accessibility of basic education is good and has remained nearly at the same level according to a 7-year national review conducted by the regional administrations. The differences between municipalities were still large in all regions. Nearly all local authorities provided morning and afternoon activities for schoolchildren. In 2010 the total number of participants was over 45,000. In 2009 the relative share of school-leavers immediately continuing in post-compulsory education and training fell slightly from the previous year. Yet, nearly 97% of school- leavers continued in further education straight away. Amendments concerning the general objectives of basic education and the division of lesson hours were prepared during 2010, but the Government did not take any decision on the Bill. Upper secondary education Proposals for developing upper secondary school education were prepared during 2010. These concern structural and pedagogic changes intended to assure the attraction and quality of the upper secondary school as a general education channel to higher education. Matriculation examination Following a structural change in the examination, the annual number of students taking the second national language test in the matriculation examination fell to 68% in 2009. The number of those taking mathematics has risen by one percent point since the change. The popularity of the Pupils, students and degrees 1 Change Pre-primary education 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 09–10 Pupils 57,930 57,510 56,650 57,745 58,767 1,022 Basic education Entrants 58,010 57,650 57,030 56,770 57,876 1,106 School-leaving certificates 65,790 65,570 66,810 65,083 64,621 - 462 Pupils 568,720 560,610 551,710 536,776 530,678 - 6,098 General upper secondary schools Entrants 39,544 39,395 38,744 38,054 38,000 -54 Matriculation examinations 2 32,790 33,100 32,600 32,619 32,298 321 Students 114,140 112,390 110,180 108,480 107,400 - 1,080 Initial vocational education and training 3 Entrants 64,710 67,710 68,400 67,370 65,500 - 1,870 Qualifications 37,280 38,860 39,110 42,520 43,500 980 Students 4 150,450 156,860 161,670 162,300 164,390 2,090 Further vocational education and training 5 Entrants 26,500 28,920 30,100 31,700 30,400 - 1,300 Qualifications 16,160 16,350 16,700 17,300 17,900 600 Students in institutional training 28,389 28,048 28,000 28,900 28,800 - 100 Students in apprenticeship training 22,150 24,500 27,131 29,025 27,181 - 1,844 Polytechnic degrees Entrants 32,370 32,120 32,920 33,676 34,305 629 Qualifications 20,770 20,570 21,090 20,044 20,581 Students 115,760 114,730 113,390 115,830 118,015 2,185 — of whom foreign students 4,600 5,400 6,294 6,962 – – Polytechnic Master’s degrees Entrants 1,220 1,770 1,990 2,308 2,722 414 Qualifications 150 360 680 940 1,273 Students 2,070 3,430 4,535 5,544 6,580 1,036 University degrees Entrants 20,150 19,650 19,640 20,169 19,988 - 181 Bachelor’s degrees awarded 3,810 5,880 13,876 10,775 12,300 1,525 Master’s degrees awarded 13,130 13,880 21,825 10,535 14,384 3,849 Students 152,160 152,200 140,560 145,330 144,321 - 1,009 Doctorates 1,410 1,520 1,527 1,642 1,518 - 124 1) Education within the remit of the educational administration. The figures for entrants in basic education, upper secondary schools and further vocational education and training (VET), for school leavers and initial and further vocational qualifications and for foreign students are estimates as regards 2010. The numbers of students in pre-primary, basic, upper secondary and initial VET and in apprenticeship training in initial and further VET are according to the numbers specified in government transfers to education and training providers. 2) Excluding education for IB and Reifeprüfung. 3) Including institutional and apprenticeship training leading to vocational qualification both in the form of curriculum-based VET and training preparing for competence-based qualification. 4) Including non-degree students. 5) Entrants and qualifications include institutional and apprenticeship training leading to further and specialised vocational qualification. M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 7 general studies test on the other hand has grown by over five percentage points. The foreign language test is one percentage point less popular than five years ago. Guidance counselling in the upper secondary school The Ministry granted financing to 12 education providers for a project developing guidance counselling in the upper secondary school. In the project, all students get a personal plan orienting them towards further education. The aim is to develop an effective guidance model in collaboration between the school, higher education institutions, labour authorities and labour market representatives. This is intended to accelerate students’ transfer from the upper secondary to the higher education level. Vocational education and training The provision of vocational education and training was increased by a total of 4,500 entrant places. The increases were made in accordance with labour needs and with emphasis on growth centres. The aim was particularly to secure young people’s entry to education and training, lower the youth unemployment rate, prevent the drift towards exclusion among young people and safeguard adults’ opportunities for vocational education and training. In 2008 the dropout in vocational education and training fell below 10% for the first time. The qualification structure in initial training was modified to better correspond to working life needs. In this connection, the requirements of vocational skills demonstrations were incorporated into the qualification requirements. In 2010 the requirements of 30 vocational qualifications were overhauled. During the year, over 1,100 vocational teachers working in initial training participated in training on the development of working life knowledge. ’Job Start’ training The Ministry of Education and Culture authorised 49 training providers to provide ’Job Start’ training on a permanent basis. Nearly 1,500 students participated in this training which guides and prepares for initial vocational training. In the autumn of 2010, 73% of the new ’Job Start’ students were the same year’s school-leavers, while a year earlier the figure had been 65%. Immediate placement of school-leavers in further education or training | % 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Placement in VET leading to vocational qual. 40.7 41.9 42.9 44.2 44.0 • qualifying education 39.4 40.1 40.7 41.9 41.2 • preparatory courses 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.8 Placement in general upper secondary education 53.3 51.1 50.8 50.6 50.2 Placement in voluntary additional basic education 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 • in basic education 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 • in folk high schools estimate 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Qualifying education, total 92.7 91.2 91.5 92.5 91.4 Additional and preparatory education, total 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.8 5.3 Total 97.0 95.5 96.2 97.3 96.7 Higher education reform From the beginning of 2010 universities began to operate as independent legal persons under the amended Universities Act. To safeguard the financial standing of the universities, the government made over state real estate property to them and guaranteed their solvency. The government also budgeted for a financial input in a given ration to the private capital raised by the universities. The core university funding allocated by the government was linked to a ’university index’ as from 2011. The structural development of the higher education institutions was carried on. There are 16 universities; 14 are corporations under public law and two are foundation universities under private law: Aalto University and Tampere University of Technology. In addition, there Finland’s performance in OECD PISA 2003 2006 2009 Rank Rank all score points score points score points OECD countries Reading literacy 543 547 536 2. 3. Mathematics 544 548 541 2. 6. Science 548 563 554 1. 2. The triennial PISA programme assesses the knowledge and skills of 15-year-old students in the domains of reading, mathematics and science, which rotate as the main focus area. The 2009 PISA review focused on reading literacy. 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Enrolment in university by age groups Aged 19 or younger Aged 20—24 Aged 25 or older 2004 201020092005 2006 2007 2008 29 28 27 26 25 24 Median age of higher education graduates 2004 20092005 2006 2007 2008 Master’s degree Polytechnic degree The implementation of the internationalisation strategy for higher education was made an integral part of the ongoing strategy work in higher education institutions. The international student exchanges grew by 12.5% from the previous year, reaching 10,300 students a year. Stepping up graduation The efficiency and quality of higher education studies have been an object of special development and monitoring. The universities stepped up the monitoring of study progress. The aim that 75% of entrants in all fields of education complete the higher (Master’s) degree in the normative time was not attained. The first electronic joint application to universities was carried out in 2010. In this connection, the application to universities and polytechnics was unified. The same year’s matriculated students amounted to slightly over 35% of all admitted and enrolled students like in previous years. The student admissions were streamlined and teaching was further developed. The aim to step up the study processes was recorded in the polytechnics’ performance agreements for the period 2010–2012. The development of admissions to higher education institutions and the joint university-polytechnic electronic applications system was initiated. Committee proposals for eliminating bottlenecks in study progress In March 2010 a committee set up by the Ministry put forward proposals for accelerating young people’s transfer from secondary to higher education. The proposals ensure efficient use of the available student places by separating internal student mobility from the joint application, which is intended for first-time applicants. The proposals form a whole which, when implemented, will accelerate graduates’ entry to the labour market at least by one year. Overall reform of adult education and training The implementation of the overall reform of adult education and training was carried on. The provision of initial, further and apprenticeship training was increased. Apprenticeship- type training intended for higher education graduates was 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Doctorates 1995 20090096 97 98 99 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Women Men are 25 polytechnics. The possibility of merging the art universities was investigated. Similarly, means were explored for streamlining the economic and administrative status of polytechnics and strengthening the role of R&D and innovation in their operation. The national polytechnic development networks carried on their activities. The networks focus on the relations between the student and working life, R&D, Master’s degrees, teachership, international activities and entrepreneurship. 8 M I N I S T R Y O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 9 Adult education Upper secondary schools 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 • entrants 4,300 4,300 4,200 4,200 5,030 • students 11,700 11,500 11,200 11,200 12,030 Institutional training leading to competence-based qualification • entrants 7,120 7,820 8,270 10,160 10,000 • qualifications 3,760 4,220 3,650 4,230 4,500 • students 13,100 13,300 14,020 15,460 17,260 Apprenticeship training in initial VET • entrants 9,470 12,280 12,360 7,050 5,500 • qualifications 3,300 3,460 4,050 5,590 6,000 • students 15,050 19,730 22,830 18,380 15,190 Institutional training leading to further and specialist vocational qualification • entrants 14,445 13,219 13,200 13,800 13,900 • qualifications 8,377 8,833 8,900 9,200 9,600 • students 28,389 28,048 28,000 28,900 28,800 Apprenticeship training in further and specialist VET • entrants 12,050 15,701 16,900 17,900 17,050 • qualifications 7,786 7,517 7,800 8,100 8,700 • students 22,150 24,500 27,131 29,025 27,181 Polytechnic degrees • entrants 6,230 6,210 6,260 6,800 7,100 • degrees 4,100 3,865 3,741 3,428 3,710 • students 18,300 18,600 19,600 20,500 21,700 Polytechnic Master’s degrees • entrants 1,220 1,770 1,990 2,380 2,722 • degrees 150 360 680 940 1,253 • students 2,070 3,300 4,530 5,540 6,580 Students Qualification Full-time Employed Employed, Full-time (excl, employed holders total employed students total, % students students) % Undemployed Others Matriculation examination 2007 30,885 5,495 8,125 44 11,870 38 602 4,793 2008 31,009 5,469 8,613 45 11,619 37 715 4,593 2009 30,381 5,057 7,469 41 12,186 40 993 4,676 Upper secondary vocational qualification 2007 52,205 32,825 6,060 74 3,690 7 4,847 4,783 2008 53,579 33,747 5,782 74 3,480 6 5,892 4,678 2009 53,404 30,178 5,525 67 4,117 8 8,265 5,319 Polytechnic degree 2007 20,334 16,412 1,627 89 686 3 905 704 2008 20,054 16,341 1,554 89 612 3 939 608 2009 20,535 15,800 1,663 85 836 4 1,540 696 Master’s degree 2007 12,912 9,181 2,148 88 594 5 474 515 2008 13,573 9,907 2,077 88 522 4 566 501 2009 21,249 15,352 3,001 86 778 4 1,210 908 Qualification holders: employment and placement in further education expanded. The diversification of adult education allowances increased participation in adult education more than expected. The implementation of the development programme in liberal adult education was carried on. Amendments to the adult education legislation were drafted regarding a reform of the system of the establishment of institutions; quality and development subsidies were instituted; and the development of the institutional and provider structure was carried on. Teachers’ formal qualifications According to 2010 data, 89,9 % of the principals and teachers in basic education, 95,5 % in general upper secondary education and 72,6 % in vocational education and training are formally qualified. A programme ensuring competent teachers A programme (2010-2016) was launched to ensure the availability of competent and knowledgeable teaching staff. The aim is to increase participation in staff development training, enhance its impact and improve job satisfaction. As a result of the programme, participation in teachers’ in- service training increased by 25%. The total number of participants in this government-funded training was 40,000. Immigrant education and training Measures were taken to improve opportunities for immigrant children, youth and adults to participate in education and training at all levels of education. The provision of continuing education for teachers with immigrant backgrounds was expanded. Polytechnics started to provide immigrant education to equip the students with language and other skills needed to study in polytechnics. Favourable conditions for research The competed research funding allocated by the Academy of Finland was increased with the aim of improving the prerequisites of basic research. The priorities are to enhance the quality or research, to improve the competitiveness of researcher training and research careers, to step up interaction between research and society and to boost internationalisation. With a view to ensuring the availability and quality of researchers, systematic input was made into the development of researcher training and research careers. The development of information management structures and institutions was carried on. In 2010, 26 million euro was allocated to develop research infrastructures. The Academy of Finland granted funds for the national preparation of the ICOS and bio- science projects of the ESFRI programme. Finland signed the treaty establishing the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR). The Advisory Board for Sectoral Research and its subcommittees were evaluated. The Research and Innovation Council published its education, research and innovation policy report for 2011–2015. Student financial aid The student financial aid scheme was developed. Committees looking into the monitoring of study progress, financial aid for secondary students and student housing proposed improvements relating to planned use of student aid and the time for which student aid is granted. Full-time The Finnish Educational System Polytechnic master’s degrees Polytechnic bachelor’s degrees | Polytechnics Work experience 3 years Doctoral degrees Licentiate degrees Bachelor’s degrees Universities Master’s degrees Matriculation examination | General upper secondary schools Pre-primary education, 6–year–olds Basic education | (Comprehensive schools) 7–16–year–olds Vocational qualifications Vocational institutions and apprenticeship training 0 1 and 2 3 4 5 6 Additional basic education ISCED-classification: 0 Preprimary education | 1-2 Primary education or first stage of basic education | 3 Lower secondary or second stage of basic education 4 (upper) secondary education | 5 First cycle of tertiary education | 6 Second cycle of tertiary education Speacialist vocational qualifications Further vocational qualifications M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 01010 M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 11 R&D expenditure by sectors Business and Public sector Higher education Total Real change from GDP share of R&D industry mill. euro % mill. euro % sector mill. euro % mill. euro the previous year % expenditure % 1999 2,643.9 68.2 470.1 12.1 764.8 19.7 3,878.8 14.6 3,16 2000 3,135.9 70.9 497.4 11.2 789.3 17.8 4,422.6 11.1 3,34 2001 3,284.0 71.1 500.9 10.8 834.1 18.1 4,619.0 1.4 3,30 2002 3,375.1 69.9 529.7 11.0 925.6 19.2 4,830.3 3.3 3,35 2003 3,527.9 70.5 515.4 10.3 961.7 19.2 5,005.0 4.3 3,43 2004 3,683.5 70.1 530.1 10.1 1,039.8 19.8 5,253.4 4.4 3,46 2005 3,876.9 70.8 554.7 10.1 1,042.1 19.0 5,473.8 3.7 3,48 2006 4,107.8 71.0 574.2 10.0 1,079.2 18.7 5,761.2 4.4 3,45 2007 4,513.4 72.0 564.7 9.0 1,164.6 18.7 6,242.7 5.2 3,47 2008 5,102.0 74.3 588.5 8.6 1,180.6 17.2 6,871.1 8.1 3,72 2009 4,847.2 71.4 656.5 9.7 1,282.8 18.9 6,786.5 - 2.2 3,96 2010* 4,919.3 71.0 644.5 9.3 1,362.0 19.7 6,925.8 - 0.1 3,90 * Statistics Finland, an estimate based on surveys and calculations. The growth of some 350 million euro from 2007 to 2008 is explained by more detailed reporting practices. studies were to be encouraged. Factors influencing student income and studies were investigated in a survey published in October (Opiskelijatutkimus 2010). The student aid expenditure totalled nearly 881 million euro. The number of recipients grew by one per cent. Around 133,000 students were granted the government guarantee for the student loan, which makes 39% of all aid recipients. School transportation allowance was granted to 67,000 students, i.e. nearly one third of upper secondary school and students in training for vocational qualifications. In 2010 607,6 million euro for art, sports and youth work Art and culture 400,6 Sports 137,7 Youth work 69,3 CULTURe SPORT YOUTH M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 13 The role of culture is growing in society. The financing of arts and culture, sports and youth work grew by a total of 50% during the electoral period. These additional funds were allocated to a wide range of projects in different forms of art, to the promotion of healthy lifestyles and to youth work. Favourable conditions for cultural policy development Government subsidies to art and culture grew by over 85 million euro from 2007 to 2010. In 2010 the appropriation grew by over 25 million euro. This increase reflects the growing societal and economic importance of culture. The additional funds were allocated to institutions, organisations, artists and development projects in all forms of art. A report on the future of culture was submitted to Parliament. It contains key policy lines and proposals for measures to enhance the societal impact of cultural policy. The report was discussed in Parliament at the beginning of 2011. A Bill was drafted for the structural development of the cultural administration, including a change of the Arts Council of Finland to an arts promotion centre. At this stage, however, only part of the reform was implemented: the Committee for the Purchase of Works for the State Art Collection was attached to the National Gallery and the posts of artist professors were made artist grants. Availability and accessibility of cultural services The government transfers to theatres, orchestras and museums were increased by nearly 80% from 2008 to 2010. This ensured the active operation and services of art and cultural institutions and promoted the employment of art and cultural professionals. Dance was brought to different parts of Finland by means of a network of regional dance centres. At the beginning of 2011 committees put forward proposals for facilitating the operation of free groups and ensembles in the performing, dance, music and circus arts. ”Aladdin’s Lamp” activities have increased the supply of art services for children and lowered the threshold for participation in art education. CULTURe SPORT YOUTH Within the Art and Culture for Well-being Programme 2010–2014, projects were undertaken in different parts of the country. The Accessibility of Art and Culture programme 2005–2010 focused on multiculturalism and regional activities as well as on the cultural rights of people with disabilities. Attendance at cultural events has grown during the turn of the millennium. The proportion of people who visit cultural events has grown from 76% to 83%. Differences between population groups have diminished. Audiovisual culture and media education An increase in the film culture appropriations has assured the diversity and quality of domestic film, which has increased the audiences of domestic film (over two million), raising it to 27% of the film-going public, which is the highest rate in thirty years. An amendment changing the Board of Film Classification into a Centre of Media Education and Audiovisual Media created a safe media environment for children and better conditions for national coordination in media education. Status of creative workers A review looking into development needs relating to artists’ income revealed considerable shortcomings in professional artists’ employment security. Cross-sectoral cooperation was undertaken to devise measures for promoting artist income and employment. The number of annually awarded artist grants grew from 545 to 567. The number of annually awarded extra artist pensions will increase by 16 in 2011, which will raise the total number of full pensions to 51. Creative economy Art and culture have both a direct and an indirect effect on competitiveness. Especially in the economy of major cities, culture is a crucial engine for development. Culture consumption represented nearly 7% of private consumption in 2008. The value added generated by culture is around 5.1 billion euro, which makes 3.2% of the GNP. The cultural export programme 2007–2011 has generated dozens of export projects, enhanced inter- ministerial cooperation and revealed structural bottlenecks. Lottery funds for science, art, sport and youth work | euro 2007 20112008 20102009 Youth work Sport Art Science 600,000,000 500,000,000 450,000,000 400,000,000 350,000,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 150,000,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 0 State funding for arts (libraries not included) | euro 2007 20112008 20102009 450,000,000 400,000,000 350,000,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 150,000,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 0 Budget funds Lottery funds Lottery funds for art | euro 2007 20112008 20102009 250,000,000 200,000,000 150,000,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 0 Other discretionary subsidies National Opera and National Theatre Museums, theatres & orchestras Libraries Subsidies for film culture | euro 2007 20112008 20102009 Development of children’s and youth film culture Advancement of film culture Digitisation of film theatres Production and distribution 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 15 Attendance at cultural events in 12 months Film Theatre Concerts Art museums and exhibitions Other museums Dance performances Opera 0% 60%10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 1999 2009 Population aged 10 or older. Statistics Finland The programme provided financing for Finland’s cultural programme at the Shanghai World Fair, with the aim of gaining entry to the Chinese cultural market. A project for internationalising the creative industries led by Finpro generated joint ventures between cultural businesses. The projects undertaken within the development programme for the growth and internationalisation of creative industry business 2007–2013 employed over 2100 persons and nearly 500 businesses at the end of 2010. When Helsinki was designated World Design Capital 2012, the Government granted five million euro for its implementation, two million of which came from the budget of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The arrangement of Turku European Capital of Culture 2011 was also subsidised. The government funding amounts to some 18 million euro, which comes almost totally from the budget of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Cultural heritage and libraries The appropriation for subsidising the custody and upkeep of architectural heritage was increased. The development of local museum activities and the international review of the National Gallery started during 2010. The preparation of the national digital library proceeded. Nearly nine million different items from library, archival and museum collections were digitised and the piloting of the joint client interface for libraries, archives and museums started during 2010. Culture and citizens 2008 2009 2010 Visitors to state subsidised theatres and the National Theatre 2,645,000 2,588,000 2,700,000 Visitors to state subsidised museums and other museums managed full-time 5,144,000 5,143,000 4,967,000 Attendance of subsidised orchestras, the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra and the National Opera 1,029,000 900,000 1,050,000 Domestic premieres 15 20 23 Domestic film attendance 1,586,000 2,073,000 Library loans, total 99,260,000 98,786,000 99,500,000 Physical library visits 55,611,000 54,347,000 56,000,000 Virtual library visits 45,957,000 51,503,000 50,000,000 Attendance at cultural events 1,920,000 1,870,000 2,030,000 The number of libraries has declined to some extent. The rate of borrowing and physical library visits remained unchanged, but there was a substantial increase in virtual visits, partly owing to improved and diversified web services. Copyright Copyright questions have been to the fore in public debate. The Copyright Council has been looking into the possibility to clarify the wording of the Copyright Act. Conflicting interests complicate the Council’s work. Campaigns were undertaken to influence young people’s attitudes with a view to promot- ing legal distribution and prevent illicit sharing. A Bill was submitted to Parliament concerning the duty of teleopera- tors to notify subscribers of copyright infringements. Meas- ures set out in the national immaterial rights strategy have 160,000,000 140,000,000 120,000,000 100,000,000 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 0 State funding for sports and physical activity | euro 2007 20112008 20102009 Budget funds Lottery funds 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 0 State subsidies to youth work | euro 2007 20112008 20102009 Budget funds Lottery funds Persons who engage sufficiently in physical activity for their health At least twice a week Age 15–64 Women 74% Men 68% increased teachers’, creative professionals’ and business- es’ copyright knowledge. Development needs concerning the compensation for private copying were explored and the compensation levy was expanded to external hard disks. Finland Prize The Minister of Cultural and Sport, Mr Stefan Wallin con- ferred Finland Prizes on seven recipients working in differ- ent forms of art: actor Hannu-Pekka Björkman, author Lee- na Krohn, graphic designers Kaisa and Christoffer Leka, composer Magnus Lindberg, dress designer Marja Rak and cartoonist Jussi Tuomola. The Finland Prize is awarded in recognition of a significant career in art, an outstanding achievement or a promising breakthrough. Physical activity In a survey, 66% of men and 72% of women said that they engage in recreational sports at least twice a week for 30 minutes. The rate has been growing since the 1970s. Currently 92% of children and young people (aged 3–18) say that they have sport as a hobby. While children and young people increasingly pursue sporting hobbies, it is estimated that on the whole children and young people are less fit than before owing to a decrease in everyday utilitarian physical activity. The construction and renovation of sports facilities that serve large user groups were subsidised with a view to promoting physical activity. Special attention was paid to children and young people who are inactive and marginalised in sports and physical activity. The ”School on the Move” project seeks to increase physical activity among school-aged youth by introducing more physical activity into the school day. A pilot of 21 projects launched in the autumn of 2010 looked for good practices and action models. There is a monitoring system compiling comparable and monitoring data on children’s and young people’s physical functional capacity. An advisory service called Dopinglinkki was opened in 2010 with the aim of reducing health hazards due to the use of doping by means of information. M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 17 Voluntary activities in sport Over 600,000 Finns do voluntary work within sports and physical activity. The number of paid workers in clubs has been growing and is expected to grow. There is a project helping clubs with their local-level activities. In 2010 a development programme was devised for integrating immigrants through sports. Elite sports A committee was set up to improve the conditions for top- level sports. The committee will lead the process together with sports federations committed to the change. The Ministry granted a subsidy of 1.6 million euro for the renovation of the Helsinki Olympic Stadium to facilitate the organisation of major international sports events. The number of doping tests was increased as planned. During 2010 125 athletes were awarded sports grants, which is an increase of 30 from the previous years. Youth work appropriations Increases in youth work appropriations were used to support young people’s own activities and educational youth work. In 2010 annual subsidies were granted to 130 national youth organisations, youth work service organisations and organi- sations doing youth work. The majority of measures included in the Child and Youth Policy Programme 2007–2011 have either been implemented or are being implemented. Outreach youth work The youth workshops help young people to gain working life and life management skills. They are available in 265 munici- palities, covering around 85% of young people in Finland. In 2010 some 12,000 young people aged under 29 participat- ed in workshop activities. Most of them find a place in edu- cation or training, in the labour market or in some worthwhile activity within 6 to 12 months after leaving the workshop. An amendment to the Youth Act provides for local multi- professional cooperation and outreach youth work. There are 232 youth workers doing outreach youth work in pairs in 192 municipalities. In 2010 they reached over 5,700 young per- sons, 3,500 of whom were guided to youth workshops or to further education or helped with some other measures. Nearly all young people have a hobby The aim of youth work is to support young people’s active citizenship and social empowerment. Although young people’s membership in organisations has decreased, their hobby activities have grown: 90% of young people aged 15–29 have at least one hobby. Youth information and advisory services were further increased. The services are now provided in 271 municipali- ties, covering 87% of the 13–24 age group. The youth initia- tive and hearing system was expanded to 140 municipalities. In 2010 Finland prepared a report on children’s and young people’s inclusion as a pilot project for the Council of Europe Youth Committee. Finland has modern youth legislation, bolstered by a horizontal child and youth policy programme. Sammon Tekijät award Ten young people who have take initiative and found work on their own were rewarded with a Sammon Tekijät prize and 50,000 euro. These one-off prizes were conferred under a resolution taken by the Government in its 200th anniversary session. GOVERNMENT’S POLICY PROGRAMME FOR THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN, YOUTH AND FAMILIES One of the achievements of the Government’s Policy Programme for the Well-being of Children, Youth and Families is an amend- ment to the Youth Act providing for outreach youth work and other cross-sectoral activities with a view to preventing children’s and young people’s exclusion. Now municipalities must have a youth guidance and service network for the general planning and implantation of multiprofessional cooperation. The network is composed of representatives of educational, social, health and youth administration and the labour and police administrations. The Policy Programme has developed an information base for promoting children’s well-being and increased the dissemination of information about the UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child especially during the 20th anniversary year of the treaty in 2009. The provision of low-threshold services have been increased by means of a family centre model. The programme also addressed the coordination of child, youth and family policies. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION In the spring of 2010 the Government issued a resolution on the strategic lines of educational exports. The creation of an educational export cluster, led by Finpro, is underway. The operation of the UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO was evaluated by an external review team. During 2010 the Ministry of Education and Culture prepared a programme for the Finnish Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers 2011 in its sector. Finland’s excellent performance in the OECD Pisa review and the reform of the university structures generated a great deal of interest abroad. During 2010 the Ministry of Education and Culture received a total of 93 visiting delegations, including five visits by ministers, 11 by deputy/regional ministers and 10 by parliamentarians. The largest number of visitors came from the United States, China, Japan and Russia. Picture: Over 5,3 million people visited the Finnish Kirnu Pavilion in Expo 2010 Shanghai. ADMINISTRATION M I N I S TRY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D C U LTU R E 2 010 19 Expenditure in the Ministry of Education and Culture sector 1,000 euro 2008 2009 2010 Total expenditure 5,686,132 5,978,005 6,374,434 Administration, church affairs and core outlays 274408 243,441 116,535 General education 667,190 700,363 841,915 Vocational education and training (VET) 600,816 636,462 674,584 Adult education 471,754 492,317 498,270 University education and research 2 397,886 2,477,302 2 754,473 Student financial aid 782,752 869,466 880,997 Art and culture 337,578 375,409 400,642 Sport 106,704 127,631 137,670 Youth work 47,045 55,613 69,348 ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT The current economic development will influence work in the sector of the Ministry of Education and Culture in the coming years. Knowledge, competencies, creativity and opportunities for participation play a key role in efforts to sustain welfare and success. At the same time, the Ministry’s sector needs to adjust its activities in response to the changing situation in society. The Ministry’s futures review - Osaava ja luova Suomi (Competent and creative Finland) was published in the autumn in view of the preparation of the next government term. Preparations were undertaken for a review of the Ministry’s corporate governance in order to determine the steering and structure of the sector needed for responding to societal challenges. The proposals will be available during the next government period. The adult education administration was reorganised with a view to securing resources for high-quality development in adult education and training, liberal adult education and lifelong learning in the future. Adult education provided at the higher education level is the responsibility of the Department for Education and Science Policy. Vocational adult education comes within the remit of the Vocational Education Division. The Division for Adult Education is responsible for the development of liberal adult education. The internal operations at the Ministry were streamlined in response to the ever more stringent resources. A review of job descriptions led to proposals concerning efficiency. The Ministry’s directors general prepared a stringency programme geared to make savings in the long term. This provided the basis for operational development at the Ministry. In May 2010 the Ministry’s name was changed into the Ministry of Education and Culture. Academy of Finland Arts Council of Finland Celia - Library for the Visually Impaired Centre for International Mobility (CIMO) Finnish Board of Film Classification Finnish Institute for Russian & East European Studies Finnish National Board of Education Finnish National Gallery Governing Body of Suomenlinna Matriculation Examination Board Ministry of Education and Culture National Archive National Audiovisual Archive National Board of Antiquities National Repository Library Research Institute for the Languages of Finland Student Financial Aid Appeal Board State-owned companies: CSC, Finnish IT center for science Veikkaus Oy Certia Oy Agencies and institutes subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Culture Ministry of Education and Culture Publications 2011:24 ISBN 978-952-263-056-8 | ISBN 978-952-263-057-5 (PDF) ISSN-L 1799-0343 | ISSN 1799-0343 (print) | ISSN 1799-0351 (PDF) This publication is available at: www.minedu.fi LA YO UT : AH OY | P H OT OS : LE HT IK UV A, L II SA T AK AL A | PR IN TI N G: K O PI JY VÄ